![]() ![]() However, HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections elicit extensive serological cross-reactivity due to their high degree of genetic similarity, which makes it difficult to use serum antibody tests for HSV classification.Īlthough most HSV antigens are unsuitable as type-specific antigens, the viral envelope glycoprotein G (gG) has been recognised to be suitable it is the most accepted and widely used type-specific antigen in HSV-2-based seroassays.( 14- 16) The detection of HSV-2 gG (gG-2) antibodies has been deemed to be a reliable indicator of past or present HSV-2 infection. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a faster technique with a higher capacity. Type-specific antibody testing for HSV is the most commonly used tool for identifying HSV-2-infected individuals, as it is able to identify subclinical HSV-2 infection and HSV-2-infected individuals who are asymptomatic.( 8- 10) This method has been used in epidemiological studies, HSV-2 infection diagnosis, and the screening of pregnant women and potential semen donors (the latter is crucial in reducing the risk of HSV-2 transmission).( 11- 13) While Western blot is considered the most reliable tool for distinguishing between HSV-1 and HSV-2 antibody populations, the procedure is time-consuming and unsuitable for general screening purposes. In the United States, genital herpes has reached epidemic proportions, with more than 25% of the adult population infected with HSV.( 3) Epidemiological studies indicate that the prevalence of HSV-2 is increasing significantly in China.( 4) However, as the majority of individuals infected with HSV-2 have no clinical symptoms, their sexual partners face a substantial risk of infection.( 5, 6) In addition, primary infection during pregnancy has been associated with spontaneous abortion, prematurity and neonatal herpes.( 7) Therefore, the ability to differentiate HSV-2 infection from HSV-1 infection is becoming increasingly important, as it will enable the optimisation of disease treatment as well as help prevent disease transmission to sexual partners and neonates, since suitable precautions can be taken once the disease is identified.Ī diagnosis of HSV-2 infection can be achieved using various methods, including virus isolation, nucleic acid techniques, and detection of viral antigens and/or specific antibodies. Recent studies have shown that HSV-2 infection is related to the occurrence of cervical cancer and that it increases the risk of AIDS infection.( 2) Based on the antigenicity of HSVs, the viruses can be divided into HSV type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV type 2 (HSV-2) both types share a high degree of genetic homology.( 1) HSV-1 is the most common cause of oral herpes, while HSV-2 is the most common cause of genital herpes, which is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is one of the most common human pathogens. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay The study indicates that gG 321–580His has a high diagnostic potential for HSV-2 virus serodiagnosis in humans. In testing 318 field serum samples, the diagnostic relative sensitivity and specificity of the developed gG 321–580His-ELISA test in qualitative comparison with the commercial kit were 93.81% and 96.74%, respectively, and the accuracy was 94.65%. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed using gG 321–580His as the diagnostic antigen and evaluated by comparison with a commercial HerpeSelect 2 ELISA immunoglobulin G kit as reference. We successfully expressed a fragment of gG comprising residues 321–580 of HSV-2 with histidine tag (gG 321–580His) in a Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system, which had an antigenicity similar to its native counterpart. As immunological diagnosis kits for accurate differentiation between HSV-1 and HSV-2 antibodies can be expensive, there is a need to develop a convenient, sensitive, specific and cost-effective serodiagnostic kit. Glycoprotein G (gG) is a prototype antigen for type-specific serodiagnosis distinguishing between HSV type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 infections. Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is the most common cause of genital herpes. ![]()
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